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12.6 Resistance
Resistance is the property of a substance by which it opposes the flow of current through it.
For a given body, the resistance is defined as the ratio of applied potential difference to the resulting current,
R = 
This property of the substance is due to frequent collisions of electrons with the atoms of the conductor.
SI unit of resistance is named ohm ) which is equivalent to V/A. Its dimensions areW(
[R] = 
.
12.6.1 Dependence of Resistance on Physical Dimensions
For a given body, its resistance is found to be
- directly proportional to its length (L), and
- inversely proportional to its area of cross-section (S).
That is, R µ L and R µ 
or R µ 
= r
where r is a constant called resistivity.
12.6.2 Resistivity or Specific Resistance (r)
The constant r is the characteristic of the material depends on its temperature of which the conductor is made. If L = unity and S = unity, then
R = r
It can also be defined as the resistance of a cube of material of side 1 m when current flows perpendicular to opposite faces.
The SI unit of resistivity is ohm metre (W m).
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