Chemistry Assignment Help with Enthalpy or Heat of Formation

7.7 Enthalpy or Heat of Formation

The amount of heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements is called heat of formation.

H2(g) + Cl2(g) ® 2HCl(g);  DH = – 44 kcal

Thus, enthalpy of formation of HCl is – 22 kcal

Standard Enthalpy of Formation (H°f):

It is enthalpy change of a reaction by which a compound is formed from its constituent elements, the reactant and products all being in a given, standard state (i.e., at 298 K and 1 atm pressure). For example,

S(s) + O2(g) ® SO2(g); DH°f = – 296.9 kJ

2Al(s) + 3/2O2(g) ® Al2O3(s); DH°f = – 1669.8 kJ

Let us consider a reaction, C(s) + O2(g) ® CO2(g); DH°f = – 393.5 kJ

DH°f = H°P – H°R = – 393.5 kJ

Enthalpies of free elements in their standard states are assumed to be zero.

So, DH°f = DH°P = – 393.5 kJ

The compounds having positive enthalpies of formation are called endothermic compounds and are less stable than the reactants and those having negative enthalpies of formation are known as exothermic compounds and are more stable than the reactants.

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