Unit 1, Lesson 1 The Earth Review

1. List the three major regions of the earth, in order from inner most to outermost.

Core, Mantle, Crust

2. What is the predominant mineral of the core?

Iron

3. What are the main components of the mantle?

oxygen, silicon and magnesium

4. What parts comprise the crust? Define each layer.

Continental layer- the crust located under land masses

Oceanic layer- the crust located under the oceans.

5. The lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the upper portion of the mantle.
6. The lithosphere sits on the asthenosphere which has currents that slowly move the lithosphere plates.
7. Adjacent tectonic plates that are moving away from each other are on a divergent boundary.
8. Oceanic ridges are examples of divergent boundaries.
9. Adjacent plates moving toward each other have convergent boundaries.
10. What is subduction?

Subduction- one plate goes below the other (The result of convergence)

11. What is a transform fault?

a strike-slip fault occurring at the boundary between two plates of the earth's crust.

12. Which two boundaries or faults will most likely generate earthquakes?

Answer the following questions in relation to the diagram above.

1. Which two plates have a diverging boundary?

Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate

1. Which two plates are moving sideways from each other? What type of boundary or fault is this called?

Pacific and North American plate. Transforming boundaries/faults

1. The Cocos plate and the Caribbean plate have a Diverging boundary.
2. How are earthquakes measured?

Richter scale (0 to 10+) 7 or more = massive damage

14. How are tsunamis generated?

Underwater earthquakes can set off a tsunami

15. Volcanoes are typically found at what boundaries or faults?

Volcanoes can form both at divergent and convergent boundaries.

16. Review the diagram, Fig. 4, on plate movement with animal similarities. Do fossil records support the long-term process of continental drift? How? Choose an example.

Figure 4 reveals evidence of Pangea. For example, fossil evidence of the Lystrosaurus was found in Africa, India, and Australia. This information can lead to the hypothesis that at one point in the past, earth’s continents were all connected.