{`ITECH5403 – Comparative Programming Languages
School of Science, Engineering and Information Technology
Federation University Australia
`}

Assignment Overview

You are tasked with creating a text-based program for storing data on Hotel Room Bookings - however, as this is a comparative languages course, you will be creating the same application in the following three programming languages:

• Java,

• Python, and

• Lisp

As you implement the application in each language you should keep notes on:

• The features of the languages used,
• Which features you found useful, and
• Any issues or complications which arose due to the complexity or lack of any language features.

A brief discussion document based on these programming features for each individual language accompanying each implementation is required. Finally, a comparative overview of the languages highlighting how they were suitable or not suitable for the creating this type of application is also required.

It is recommended that the first version of the application you write is in the programming language which is most familiar to you. This will help you to have a working 'template' for storing room bookings which you can then translate into the other programming languages.

Program Specification

When the program first launches, there is a menu which allows the user to select one of the following five options:

• Add a guest
• Add a room
• Add a booking
• View bookings
• Quit

The functionality of these options is as follows:

• When users add a guest they provide a name which is stored in some manner of array or list. Guests are assigned a unique ID value where the first guest added is assigned the ID value 1, the second guest added is assigned the ID value 2 and so on.

• When users add a room they provide a room number and a room capacity (i.e. how many people can stay in the room at any one time) which is stored in some manner of array or list. Rooms have a property which indicates if they are booked or not for any given date – please see the Room Booking Dates section below for some guidance on the easiest way to implement this.

• When users add a booking they provide a guest ID, room number, the number of guests staying and finally a check-in date and check-out date.

To successfully create a room booking:

• The guest ID must be a guest which is registered on the system,

• The room number must be of a room that exists,

• The room must be able to accommodate the number of people in the booking (i.e. if the room capacity is for 2 people and the booking has 4 people staying then the booking must be refused), and finally

• The room must be available on the dates requested.

• When users views bookings they have the option to:
  1. View guest bookings, or
  2. View room bookings.

If the user opts to show guest bookings then they are prompted to enter the guest ID - and then any bookings made by that guest are displayed including:

• The guest’s name,
• Which room number they booked & number of guests staying, and - The check-in and check-out dates.

If the user opts to show room bookings then they are prompted to enter a room number - and then any bookings for that room within the current year are displayed, including:

• The guest’s name,
• The number of guests staying, and - The check-in and check-out dates.

• When a user chooses to Quit the program terminates with a goodbye message.

Each implementation of your project (in each of the three languages you choose) should aim to closely match the setup and structure of the program as shown in the example output on the following pages.

You may wish create separate Guest, Room and potentially Booking classes as part of your implementations, but you do not have to.

You may also wish to add code to pre-create a number of guests, rooms and bookings on each run of your code to avoid the need to type in these details over and over when testing your program. If you do so, please comment out these pre-defined entries before submitting your assignment.

Room Booking Dates

Dates can be a complex subject to do correctly in programming because we often want to calculate how many days are between dates, and there are issues like date formats (dd/mm/yy? mm/dd/yyyy?) to consider as well as leap years where February has 29 days instead of the usual 28 and so on.

Some programming languages come with built-in classes to work with dates – and you may use them if you wish. In fact, you are encouraged to use them as they are precisely what you would use when working in the real world, so experience in them now will increase your programming knowledge!

However, to keep things simple, our room booking system will only allow bookings within the current year, and the easiest way to do that is to store dates as the number of the day between 1 and 365. So, day 18 would be the 18^th of January (which has 31 days), day 32 would be the 1^st of February, and so on.

As such, one way to keep track of whether a room is booked or not for a current day would be for each room to have an array of 365 boolean values which are all set to false (i.e. room is not booked for that particular day) when the room is first created.

Then, because users don’t like entering dates as values between 1 and 365, we could have four utility methods:

• int dateToDayNumber(int month, int day),
• int dayNumberToMonth(int dayNumber),
• int dayNumberToDayOfMonth(int dayNumber), and
• bool setBooked(int startDayNumber, int endDayNumber).

Example code for the first tree of these methods, written in a Java-like syntax, is provided on the following page – you should write the setBooked method yourself. The above setBooked method signature assumes you are running the method on a Room object – if you are not, then you will also have to pass in the room number so you know which room’s booked array to modify!

The setBooked method should check if the room is booked for each day between the start and end dates (inclusive) to ensure the room is available. If the room is not available on a day the method returns false, but if the room is available between the start and end dates then it should be set to booked for each day requested and the method should return true to indicate success.

Bookings are not required to have booking ID values assigned to them, but you may add them if you wish as they may be useful to later functionality.

{`
int dateToDayNumber(int month, int day) { // Catch invalid input and return early 
if (month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31) return 0;
if (month == 1 ) return day; if (month == 2 ) return 31 + day; if (month == 3 ) return 59 + day; if (month == 4 ) return 90 + day; if (month == 5 ) return 120 + day; if (month == 6 ) return 151 + day; if (month == 7 ) return 181 + day; if (month == 8 ) return 212 + day; if (month == 9 ) return 243 + day; if (month == 10) return 273 + day; if (month == 11) return 304 + day; return 334 + day;
} 
int dayNumberToMonth(int dayNumber) { // Catch invalid input and return early if (dayNumber < 1 || dayNumber > 365) return 0;
if (dayNumber <= 31 ) return 1; // Jan if (dayNumber <= 59 ) return 2; // Feb if (dayNumber <= 90 ) return 3; // Mar if (dayNumber <= 120) return 4; // Apr if (dayNumber <= 151) return 5; // May if (dayNumber <= 181) return 6; // Jun if (dayNumber <= 212) return 7; // Jul if (dayNumber <= 243) return 8; // Aug if (dayNumber <= 273) return 9; // Sep if (dayNumber <= 304) return 10; // Oct if (dayNumber <= 334) return 11; // Nov return 12; // Dec
} 
int dayNumberToDayOfMonth(int dayNumber) { // Catch invalid input and return early if (dayNumber < 1 || dayNumber > 365) return 0;
if (dayNumber <= 31 ) return dayNumber; // Jan if (dayNumber <= 59 ) return dayNumber - 31; // Feb if (dayNumber <= 90 ) return dayNumber - 59; // Mar if (dayNumber <= 120) return dayNumber - 90; // Apr if (dayNumber <= 151) return dayNumber - 120; // May if (dayNumber <= 181) return dayNumber - 151; // Jun if (dayNumber <= 212) return dayNumber - 181; // Jul if (dayNumber <= 243) return dayNumber - 212; // Aug if (dayNumber <= 273) return dayNumber - 243; // Sep if (dayNumber <= 304) return dayNumber - 273; // Oct if (dayNumber <= 334) return dayNumber - 304; // Nov return dayNumber - 334; // Dec
} 
Example Program Output
Startup and add guest example output
----------------------------------------------- 
------ Welcome to FedUni Hotel Bookings ------- 
----------------------------------------------- Main Menu - please select an option: 
`}

• Add guest
• Add room
• Add booking
• View bookings
• Quit

1

Please enter guest name:

Alan

Guest Alan has been created with guest ID: 1 Would you like to [A]dd a new guest or [R]eturn to the previous menu?

A

Please enter guest name:

Brenda

Guest Brenda has been created with guest ID: 2

Would you like to [A]dd a new guest or [R]eturn to the previous menu?

R

Add room example output

Main Menu - please select an option:

• Add guest
• Add room
• Add booking
• View bookings
• Quit

2

Please enter room number:

101

Please enter room capacity:

2

Would you like to [A]dd a new room or [R]eturn to the previous menu?

A

Please enter room number:

101

Room already exists. Please enter room number:

202

Please enter room capacity:

5

Would you like to [A]dd a new room or [R]eturn to the previous menu? R

Add booking example output

Main Menu - please select an option:

• Add guest
• Add room
• Add booking
• View bookings
• Quit

3

8

Please enter check-out day:

30

*** Booking successful! ***

Would you like to [A]dd a new booking or [R]eturn to the previous menu?

A

Please enter guest ID:

2

Please enter room number:

202

Please enter number of guests:

1

Please enter check-in month:

8

Please enter check-in day:

29

Please enter check-out month:

8

Please enter check-out day:

30 101

Room is not available during that period. Please enter new room number:

*** Booking successful! ***

View bookings example output

Main Menu - please select an option:

• Add guest
• Add room
• Add booking
• View bookings
• Quit

4

Would you like to view [G]uest bookings, [R]oom booking, or e[X]it?

G

Please enter guest ID:

99

Guest does not exist. Please enter guest ID:

1

Guest 1 : Alan

Booking : Room 202, 3 guest(s) from 08/28 to 08/30. Would you like to view [G]uest bookings, [R]oom booking, or e[X]it?

R

Please enter room number:

999

Room does not exist. Please enter room number:

101

Room 101 bookings:

Guest 2 – Brenda, 1 guest(s) from 08/29 to 08/30.Would you like to view [G]uest bookings, [R]oom booking, or e[X]it?

X

Quit example output

Main Menu - please select an option:

• Add guest
• Add room
• Add booking
• View bookings
• Quit

5

Thanks for using FedUni Hotel Bookings!

Suggested Development Environments

NetBeans for Java

NetBeans may be freely downloaded from: https://netbeans.org/

NetBeans does not come with the Java JDK, which must the downloaded separately from: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

PyCharm or IDLE for Python

Python, including the IDLE development environment can be downloaded freely from: https://www.python.org/downloads/

PyCharm Community Edition can be downloaded freely from: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/

GNU CLisp for Common Lisp

CLISP 2.49 can be obtained from: http://sourceforge.net/projects/clisp/files/latest/download

Any good text editor would be suitable for writing the source code.

Additional Documentation – Language Suitability Report

Every programming language is designed to be used for different types of tasks, and has features which allow it to be a good choice for those tasks, while perhaps not as good at different types of tasks.

During your implementation of the program in each of the languages chosen you should make notes about the language features which exist or do not exist, and which have therefore made program development easier or more difficult.

Where a language has not provided a feature which would have been useful to the implementation of the program, or where the complexity of using a language feature has been high you should remark upon it and briefly discuss a mechanism or feature of another language which would have made development easier.

After completing the application in all languages (or as many as you can), discuss the comparative ease of implementation in terms of the design, implementation and debugging for each programming language, including how robustness issues were addressed.

Submission and Marking Process

You must supply your program source code files and language suitability report documentation in as single compressed archive called:

ITECH5403_Assignment_2_<YOUR-NAME>_<YOUR-STUDENT-ID>.zip

You may supply your programming language suitability report in either Word or LibreOffice/OpenOffice format in which the document can be edited – no proprietary Mac specific formats, please.

Assignments will be marked on the basis of fulfilment of the requirements and the quality of the work. In addition to the marking criteria, marks may be deducted for failure to comply with the assignment requirements, including (but not limited to):

• Incomplete implementation(s), and
• Incomplete submissions (e.g. missing files), and
• Poor spelling and grammar.

Submit Your Coursework (all program source files plus your discussion document) to the Assignment 2 Upload location on Moodle before the deadline of Friday of week 11 at 5pm.

The mark distribution for this assignment is explained on the next page.

Assignment 2 – Parallel Implementations