Linguistics 2100 Exam 2

2. -be

What morpheme represents third person singular?

3. [bere] [pere]

What are the allomorphs (1 morpheme/2 forms) for 'chicken'?

4. A bound morpheme can also be a content morpheme.

a) True

b) False

true

5. [deniz]

What is the Turkish morpheme for 'an ocean'?

6. Describe how the following words are related: black ~ white

antonymy (gradable)

7. Describe how the following words are related: move ~ run

Hyponymy/Hypernymy

8. Describe how the following words are related: punch ~ touch

Hyponymy/Hypernymy

10. Describe how the following words are related: sofa ~ couch

synonymy

11. Describe how the following words are related:

table ~ furniture

Hyponymy/Hypernymy

12. Describe how the following words are related:

unmarried ~ married

antonymy (complementary)

13. Determine the relationship between the following sentences:

1. All cats like naps.

2. Mary's cat likes naps.

1 entails 2

14. Determine the relationship between the following sentences:

1. All dogs bark.

2. My dog barks.

1 entails 2

15. Determine the relationship between the following sentences:

1. John is an unmarried man.

2. John is a bachelor.

mutual entailment

16. Determine the relationship between the following sentences:

1. Mary loves dogs.

2. Mary hates dogs.

incompatible

17. Determine the relationship between the following sentences:

1. Mount Everest is tall.

2. All mountains are tall.

2 entails 1

19. Determine the relationship between the following sentences:

1. Some dogs like bones.

2. Bill has a dog.

none of the above

20. Determine which of the following is a hyponym and which is a hypernym:

- run

- move

1. hyponym

2. hypernym

1, 2

21. Determine which of the following is a hyponym and which is a hypernym:

- table

- furniture

1. hyponym

2. hypernym

1,2

22. Determine which of the following is a hyponym and which is a hypernym:

- touch

- punch

1. hyponym

2. hypernym

2,1

23. Does the following give the definition of the sense or reference of a word:

a speaker's mental representation of the word

sense

24. Does the following give the definition of the sense or reference of a word?

the real-world individual or set of entities that the word picks out

reference

25. Does the following statement deal mostly with lexical semantics or compositional semantics?

Bird means something like 'warm-blooded, egglaying animal with feathers, wings, two legs, and a beak.'

lexical

27. Does the following statement deal mostly with lexical semantics or compositional semantics?

The opposite of open is shut.

lexical

28. Does the following statement deal mostly with lexical semantics or compositional semantics?

The phrase purple books describes a set of objects (books) that have a certain property (being purple).

compositional

29. Does the following statement deal mostly with lexical semantics or compositional semantics?

The sentence John eats bagels is true just in case the individual picked out by the name John is in the set of bagel-eaters.

compositional

30. Does the following statement deal mostly with lexical semantics or compositional semantics?

The words couch and sofa mean roughly the same thing.

lexical

What are the allomorphs (1 morpheme/2 forms) for 'rope'?

What is the Turkish morpheme for 'a house'?

44. For each of the following, identify what type of phrase it is (NP - Noun Phrase, VP Verb Phrase, or PP - Prepositional Phrase).

Sally

NP

45. For each of the following, identify what type of phrase it is (NP - Noun Phrase, VP Verb Phrase, or PP - Prepositional Phrase).

to the store

PP

46. For each of the following, identify what type of phrase it is (NP - Noun Phrase, VP Verb Phrase, or PP - Prepositional Phrase).

your keen interest in linguistics

NP

47. For the following pair of expressions, determine their relationship:

1. Bob owns a car.

2. Bob inherited a car from his grandma.

2 entails 1

48. For the following pair of expressions, determine their relationship:

1. Fifi is a poodle.

2. Fifi is a dog.

1 entails 2

49. For the following pair of expressions, determine their relationship:

1. Polly speaks Spanish.

2. Polly is from California.

None of the above

50. For the following pair of expressions, determine their relationship:

1. Sally lives in Ohio.

2. Sally lives in Europe.

They are incompatible

51. For the following pair of expressions, determine their relationship:

1. Sally lives in Ohio.

2. Sally lives in the United States.

1 entails 2

53. For the following pair of expressions, determine their relationship:

1. Some dogs don't bark.

2. Not all dogs bark.

mutual entailing

54. A free morpheme can be used by itself as a word.

a) True

b) False

true

55. Fusional languages are called such because it is often difficult to isolate individual morphemes and their meanings/functions.

a) True

b) False

true

56. How many morphemes are in the following word: cats

2

57. How many morphemes are in the following word: catsup

1

58. How many morphemes are in the following word: rejoin

2

59. How many morphemes are in the following word: unhappy

2

60. How many morphemes (free and bound) are in the following words?

goats

2

61. How many morphemes (free and bound) are in the following words?

hammer

1

(NOT 2)

62. How many morphemes (free and bound) are in the following words?

heater

2

64. How many morphemes (free and bound) are in the following words?

unreliability

4

65. How would you label the following phrase:

jumps on the large trampoline

Verb Phrase

66. How would you label the following phrase:

large

Adjective Phrase

67. How would you label the following phrase:

on the large trampoline

Prepositional Phrase

68. How would you label the following phrase:

the large trampoline

Noun Phrase

69. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

HARRY pulled the cart up the hill.

NAME????? (NOT

NOUN)

70. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

Harry PULLED the cart up the hill.

verb

71. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

Harry pulled the cart UP the hill.

preposition

73. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

THE zebra is fast.

Determiner

74. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

The ZEBRA is fast.

noun

75. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

The zebra IS fast.

verb

76. Identify the lexical/syntactic category of the word in bold (Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Name, Adjective, Preposition, or Determiner - be sure to write out the entire word, e.g. 'noun' or 'Noun', not 'n' or 'N' or any other abbreviation).

The zebra is FAST.

Adjective????? ( not noun)

77. Identify the morphemes in the following word: alligator

alligator

78. Identify the morphemes in the following word: corner

corner

79. Identify the morphemes in the following word: crushed

crush ed

89. Isolate each morpheme and say whether it is free or bound.

heatER

bound

90. Isolate each morpheme and say whether it is free or bound.

LIFEguard

free

91. Isolate each morpheme and say whether it is free or bound.

SAFer

free

92. Isolate each morpheme and say whether it is free or bound.

UNIcycle

bound

93. Isolate each morpheme and say whether it is free or bound.

uniCYCLE

free

94. Isolate each morpheme and say whether it is free or bound.

UNreal

bound

95. Isolate each morpheme and state whether it is derivational or inflectional.

bring > brought (past)

BOTH?????? (ITS NOT

NEITHER)

96. Isolate each morpheme and state whether it is derivational or inflectional.

drive + -r > driver

derivational

97. Isolate each morpheme and state whether it is derivational or inflectional.

feed + -s > feeds (3sg.)

inflectional

98. Isolate each morpheme and state whether it is derivational or inflectional.

Google (n) > to Google (v)

BOTH?????? (ITS NOT

NEITHER)

99. Isolate each morpheme and state whether it is derivational or inflectional.

lifeguard

derivational

81. Identify the relationship of the following pair of words:

exercising ~ jogging

hyponymy/hypernymy

82. Identify the relationship of the following pair of words:

to scare ~ to frighten

synonymy

83. Identify the relationship of the following pair of words:

young ~ old

antonymy

84. [in]

What is the Turkish morpheme for 'of'?

85. Isolate each

morpheme and

say whether it is free or bound.

backSTOP

free

86. Isolate each

morpheme and

say whether it is free or bound.

biggER

bound

87. Isolate each

morpheme and

say whether it is free or bound.

CATch

bound

101. An Isolating language relies more on what type of morpheme to relay meaning?

a) Free (words)

b) Bound (affixes)

free (words)

102. Is the following sentence more about Lexical Semantics or Compositional Semantics?

Paris is a word that refers to a particular city in France.

lexical

103. Is the following sentence more about Lexical Semantics or Compositional Semantics?

Paul sees Michael does not mean the same thing as Michael sees Paul.

compositional

104. Is the following sentence more about Lexical Semantics or Compositional Semantics?

The meaning of small elephant cannot be represented as the intersection of the set of all small entities with the set of all elephants.

compositional

105. Is the following sentence more about Lexical Semantics or Compositional Semantics?

The proposition Sally reads has the truth value true if and only if Sally is included in the set of individuals that read.

compositional

106. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound:

CATs

free

107. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound:

catS

bound

108. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound:

HATEful

free

109. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound:

hateFUL

bound

110. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound:

MILDer

free

112. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound:

UNhappy

bound

113. Is the morpheme in bold free or bound: unHAPPY

free

114. "I watched a movie with a beautiful man" is an example of what type of ambiguity?

Structural

115. [keta] [geta]

What are the allomorphs (1 morpheme/2 forms) for 'tortilla'?

116. [ler]

What is the Turkish morpheme for (plural marker)?

117. [ler]

[in]

[imiz] [dʒik]

[el]

Which 5 of the following morphemes would you need to say, 'of our little hands' in Turkish?

118. -lu

What morpheme represents second person plural?

125. Popoluca

N.B. ':' indicates a long vowel

[mo:ja] 'flower' [ʔamo:ja] 'my flower'

[ʔimo:ja]' his flower' [ʔika:ma] 'his cornfield'

[ʔantɛk] 'my house' [no:mi] 'boss'

How do you say

'his boss' in

Popoluca?

[ʔino:mi]

126. Popoluca

N.B. ':' indicates a long vowel

[mo:ja] 'flower' [ʔamo:ja] 'my flower'

[ʔimo:ja]' his flower' [ʔika:ma] 'his cornfield'

[ʔantɛk] 'my house' [no:mi] 'boss'

How do you say 'my cornfield' in Popoluca?

[ʔaka:ma]

120. N.B. ':' indicates a long vowel

[mo:ja] 'flower' [ʔamo:ja] 'my flower'

[ʔimo:ja]' his flower' [ʔika:ma] 'his cornfield'

[ʔantɛk] 'my house' [no:mi] 'boss'

How do you say 'my boss' in Popoluca?

[ʔano:mi]

121. On a whole, which morphological type of language can create the most morphologically complex words?

a) Agglutinating

b) Polysynthetic

c) Fusional

d) Isolating

b)

Polysynthetic

122. One problem with a Dictionary-Style definition of word meaning is that it's a never ending process, i.e. in order to understand the word, you have to understand the words used in the definition, etc.

T/F

true

123. An optional phrase that loosely modifies a verb, noun, or adjective is a(n) ...

adjunct

128. Popoluca

N.B. ':' indicates a long vowel

[mo:ja] 'flower' [ʔamo:ja] 'my flower'

[ʔimo:ja]' his flower' [ʔika:ma] 'his cornfield'

[ʔantɛk] 'my house' [no:mi] 'boss'

What is the Popoluca morpheme for 'my'?

[ʔa]

129. A proposition has as its reference ...

a truth value, either true or false.

130. s-

What morpheme represents possession (genitive)?

132. Select the statements that are true.

- A complement modifies thehead of the phrase more closely than an adjunct does.

- A transitive verb needs anNP-sister as its complement.

- An intransitive verb canhave an NP-sister as its complement but doesn't need one.

- A ditransitive verb needstwo adjuncts.

- A complement modifiesthe head of the phrase more closely than an adjunct does.

- A transitive verb needs anNP-sister as its complement.

133. Select the statements that are true.

- A ditransitive verb needstwo adjuncts.

- an intransitive verb canhave an NP-sister as its complement but doesn't need one.

- A transitive verb needs anNP-sister as its complement.

-A complement modifies the head pf the phrase more closely than an adjunct does.

- A transitive verb needs an NP-sister as its complement.

-A complement modifies the head pf the phrase more closely than an adjunct does.

134. Select the syntactically well-formed sentences.

- Harvey requested in the restaurant.- Sally liked in school.

- The children ate no vegetables, butthey ate broccoli.

- The children ateno vegetables, but they ate broccoli.

- The stairs leadyou up to the basement or down to the attic.

135. Select the syntactically well-formed sentences.

- The blind elephant saw the deadmouse run off.

- Fred displayed at the mall.

- The expensive vase has no value.

- Sally bought in the store.

- The blindelephant saw the dead mouse run off.

- The expensivevase has no value.

136. State whether the following affix in bold is derivational or inflectional:

coldER

Inflectional

137. State whether the following affix in bold is derivational or inflectional:

happiNESS

Derivational

138. State whether the morpheme in bold is free or bound.

GIVen

free

139. State whether the morpheme in bold is free or bound.

JUMPing

free

140. State whether the morpheme in bold is free or bound.

MODERNize

free

141. The term freshman is a hyponym of university student.

T/F

true

142. T/F: Checking the truth conditions of a proposition often involves checking whether an individual is included in a certain set.

true

144. T/F: Examples (1)-(3) show that pronouns cannot cooccur with determiners in English.

(1) I like it.

(2) *I like the it.

(3) *I like it the.

true

145. T/F: Examples (1)-(3) show that the verb depend takes a PP-adjunct.

(1) The event depends on the weather.

(2) *The event depends.

(3) *The event depends despite the weather.

false

146. T/F: Examples (1)-(4) show that an intransitive verb cannot take an NP-complement but that a PPcomplement or adjunct is allowed.

(1) *Sally laughed the joke.

(2) Sally laughed about the joke.

(3) Sally laughed in class.

(4) Sally laughed on Thursday.

true

147. T/F: Examples (1)-(4) show that the verb put needs both an NP-complement and a locative PPcomplement.

(1) Sally put the book on the table.

(2) *Sally put.

(3) *Sally put the book.

(4) *Sally put on the table.

true

159. "That's a big mole" is an example of what type of ambiguity?

Lexical

160. There is a

minimum and maximum number of arguments in a phrase (depending on the head of the phrase), but an unlimited number of adjuncts.

true

161. A transitive verb has at least one argument that is an NP.

true

162. Voicing

Assimilation

What Phonological environment triggers this alternation between the allomorphs?

149. T/F: Examples (1) and (2) show that the verb eat is ditransitive.

(1) Sally is eating.

(2) Sally ate a sandwich this morning.

false

150. T/F: Idioms are perfect examples of compositional semantics.

false

151. T/F: The following example shows that a sentencefinal PP must be allowed to modify either the V or the N preceding it.

The little girl tickled the monkey with a feather.

true

152. T/F: The following expression is a proposition (i.e.

you can question its truth value):

Bob hates Sally

true

153. T/F: The following expression is a proposition (i.e.

you can question its truth value):

like Bob

false

154. T/F: The following expression is a proposition (i.e.

you can question its truth value):

Sally likes to sleep

true

155. T/F: The following expression is a proposition (i.e.

you can question its truth value):

Sally wondered who would be at the party

true

156. T/F: The following expression is a proposition (i.e.

you can question its truth value): the smallest country in the world

false

157. T/F: The following expression is a proposition (i.e.

you can question its truth value):

woman

false

163. What are the possible interpretations of this sentence (click all that apply):

I hit a man with a stick.

- I hit a man who was holding a stick.

176. What type of intersection does the following expression exemplify?

fast trains

Relative

Intersection

177. What type of intersection does the following expression exemplify?

huge televisions

Relative

Intersection

178. What type of intersection does the following expression exemplify?

lavender crayons

Pure

Intersection

179. What type of intersection does the following expression exemplify?

square rugs

Pure

Intersection

180. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit? black-and-white guinea pigs

pure intersection

181. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit?

fast sprinters

relative intersection

182. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit?

green houses

pure intersection

183. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit?

red cars

pure intersection

184. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit?

scary haunted houses

relative intersection

185. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit?

strong gymnasts

relative intersection

186. What type of intersection does the following expression exhibit?

UGA freshmen

pure intersection

187. What type of morpheme is un-?

a) Free

b) Bound

bound

164. What is the correct subcategorization frome

aversion, N [ __ (PP[against])]

165. What is the reference of a whole a sentence?

truth value

166. What is the reference of a whole sentence?

truth value

167. What is the term we use for the sense of a whole sentence?

proposition

168. What kind of adjective is big?

subsective

169. What morphological process can be seen in the following:

am > was

suppletion

170. What morphological process can be seen in the following:

bind > bound

alternation

171. What morphological process can be seen in the following:

cover > discover

affixation

172. What morphological process can be seen in the following:

happy > happily

affixation

173. What morphological process can be seen in the following:

like > like like

reduplication

174. What morphological process can be seen in the following:

toe + nail > toenail

compounding

175. What type of intersection does the following expression exemplify?

empty bottles

Pure Intersection

189. Which is the correct explanation for the ungrammaticality of the following sentence?

*She fainted the floor.

faint is an intransitive verb and therefore cannot have a direct object.

190. Which is the correct subcategorization frame for the noun fear?

fear, N, [ __ (PP[of])]

191. Which is the correct subcategorization frame for the verb concentrate?

concentrate, V, [ __ (PP[on])]

192. Which is the correct subcategorization frame for the verb place?

place, V, [ __ NP PP[loc]]

193. Which of the following does NOT have the same morpheme.

bind bicycle bipartisan

bind

194. Which of the following does NOT have the same morpheme.

finds reads hers

hers

195. Which of the following does NOT have the same morpheme.

greater rider player

greater

196. Which of the following does NOT have the same morpheme.

quickly

silly

absurdly

silly

198. Which of the following does NOT have the same morpheme.

undo undead unreal

undo

199. Which of the following has a synonymous (or near synonymous) relationship with residence.

a) home

b) school

c) car

d) team

home

200. Which of the following is an example of two expressions having different senses but the same reference?

a) Barack Obama and Donald Trump

b) Autumn and Summer

c) amphibian and frog

d) Spider-Man and Peter Parker

d) Spider-

Man and

Peter

Parker

201. Which of the following is an example of two expressions having different senses but the same reference?

a) Barack Obama and Donald Trump

b) morning and dawn

c) mammal and whale

d) Superman and Clark Kent

d)

Superman and Clark

Kent

203. Which of the following is an example of two expressions having different senses but the same reference?

a) China and the most populouscountry on Earth.

b) Donald and duck

c) enormous and large

d) Wonder Woman and Aquaman

a) China and the most populous country on Earth.

204. Which three of the following are content words?

in

snake about run town

snake, run, town

205. Which two of the following words share the same suffix? friendly

softly

silly

sadly

softly, sadly

207. Which two of the following words share the same suffix? glass Nick's

hearts

clocks

hearts, clocks

208. Which two of the following words share the same suffix?

maven

wooden

given

taken

given, taken

209. Which two of the following words share the same suffix? runner

feather

nicer

painter

runner, painter