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INTRODUCTION

Harvard Referencing is one of the types of reference that is used for a citation. Referencing is a very important aspect of writing. To begin with the citation. A citation is a way of giving information regarding the source to the readers. While writing a research or article a good writer will search and gather useful information to quote inside a text. A citation contains the following information about the source like Author’s information, Work title, Publisher, and publishing company name with the location, Date, Page numbers, DOI, URL of the website. Different pieces of sources are available like articles, journals, websites. Using information from all these sources and citing them using the particular format is a citation. There are two different types of citation, text citation and in text-citation. Former is the information that is included after the information from the source is quoted while the latter is the reference that is given at the end of the document.

ADVANTAGES OF REFERENCING

 This practice not only makes a report or research more emphasized but also proves that work is done on the same. A writer has invested much of his time to provide good research. Another benefit of citation is that it gives the reader the information from where information is quoted. The purpose of citation is to give credit to the writer or owner of the words, without a copy, pasting the content. Plagiarism is a crime that a writer should not commit. There are strict laws for this in the countries. But besides removing the plagiarism there are several advantages of citations.

• A reader would get information regarding the source of ideas.
• To segregate between the original and the researched information.
• The amount of research is shown through writing citations. A reader gets a complete idea that the writer has invested time and effort in writing.
• It also provides strength to work. It provides a strong foundation for the writer’s words.

Types of citation

• APA STYLE: American Psychological Association is a style of referencing and citation. This style includes the name of the author, date of publishing, the title of the work.
• MLA STYLE: Modern Language Association is a style of referencing that is for subjects like arts and humanities. Most commonly is used in countries like the USA.
• HARVARD STYLE: This type of referencing also includes name date title and publishing information similar to that of APA style.
• CHICAGO STYLE: This style is used in the subjects like History, Philosophy, fine arts. This style of referencing includes information like that of name, place, date, publishing information, location.

HARVARD STYLE

Here we are talking about the Harvard style referencing. This referencing technique is used in the United Kingdom in almost every university. The in-text citation of Harvard style includes the name of the author along with the date of publication. The details of the source are mentioned at the end while writing a bibliography/ reference list.

The in-text citation for the book Had times that was written by Charles Dickens in 1854 and published by engaging books in 2020 again would be, (Dickens,2020).

The text citation for the same would be

Dickens, C., 2020. Hard Times. [S.l.]: Engage Books (eBOUND).

In some places, the page number is also included in the in-text citation to make it more precise. For example, the in-text citation for the particular page number in the novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens would be (Dickens,2020, p.40). This citation will make the reader clear that the source is the novel by Charles dickens which is published in 2020 and the idea is taken from page number 40 of that book.

A single alphabet p is used for a single page. While if the writer wants to quote more than one page then it would be written like (pp.40-45)

The information which is included in the Harvard Referencing format for citing BOOKS are:

• Author last name
• Author first name
• Publishing year
• Title in italics
• Edition of the book
• Place
• Publisher name

If the source has more than three authors then write the name of the first author and add ‘et.al’. In the Harvard style, a writer must write the names of the source writers up to three in the in-text citation. For example,

(Davis, Barrett, and McLachlan, 2019).

If the source has more than three writers then use the following format.

 (Davis et al., 2019)

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Harvard Referencing STYLE Generator Tool from AssignmentHelp

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For citing the information gathered from JOURNAL. The format of the Harvard style has the following format.

• Author’s last name
• Initial of the author
• Year
• Title of the article
• Name of the journal in italics
• The volume of the journal
• Page number

A journal that has DOI is written in the following format.

• Author’s last name
• Initial of the author
• Year
• Title of the article
• Name of the journal in italics
• The volume of the journal
• Page number
• DOI

WEBSITES have cited in the style of Harvard with the following format.

• Author last name
• Author initial
• Year
• The title of the page
• URL with the necessary information

The same format will be followed for the Online article or blog.

For the social media post, the format differs. For citing the social media post the citation in Harvard style will have the following format:

• Author last name
• Author initial
• Username in square brackets
• Year
• The title of the website
• URL with the necessary information

For citing the sources from the newspaper following format will be used in the Harvard style of referencing

• Author’s last name
• Initial of the author
• Year
• Title of the article
• Newspaper Title
• Edition
• Page number

When information is gathered from a source it is important to give credit to the writer of the source. The Harvard Referencing is used in the United Kingdom. There are many tools available online that can be used to create the reference style. But all this can be created manually too. Many websites can help the scholar to cite a particular in a given manner of referencing and citing the sources.