Southern Africa is none other than the southern part of the African continent or it can also be referred to a group of countries in the southern part of Africa. The geographical constitution of southern Africa varied and mainly consists a terrain with wide forests, grasslands and deserts. The south African region has both coastal plains and mountain regions. The region is highly rich in natural resources and is the world's largest resource of platinum and also elements of platinum groups like chromium, vanadium and cobalt. It is exports minerals like uranium, gold, titanium, iron and diamonds.

Southern Africa generally includes countries namely:

1. Angola,
2. Botswana,
3. Lesotho,
4. Malawi,
5. Mozambique,
6. Namibia,
7. South Africa,
8. Swaziland,
9. Tanzania,
10. Zambia,
11. Zimbabwe

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The economy of this region is unmistakably recognisable because of its exports of minerals but is rather impacted by the same problem as the rest of the continent. Some of the biggest factors hampering the growth of southern Africa is the poverty, corruption and HIV/AIDS. South Africa is the only country in Africa having economic strength and is dominant in the region.

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Southern Africa has a large number of and people following various cultures and their related number of cultural practices. During the bantu expansion the previous people were pressed into more remote parts of the region. Majority of ethnic groups speaking Bantu language were:

1. Zulu,
2. Xhosa,
3. Swazi,
4. Northern Ndebele,
5. Southern Ndebele,
6. Tswana,
7. Sotho and Shona people,
8. BaLunda,
9. Mbundu,
10. Ovimbundu,
11. Chaga
12. Sukuma,

Know more about the various groups of peoples who resided in the early periods of African history. Assignmenthelp.net will provide you with detailed explanation of their culture, topology the preferred, occupations, etc.

South African countries have a constant crisis for food as most of the countries can even produce enough to feeds its own nation and have to depend on their ability of purchasing imported agricultural produce or on food aids. There are various reasons as to why the South African countries are facing agriculture and food problems are:

• Political instability,
• Poor governance,
• droughts,
• Population growth,
• urbanisation,
• poverty,
• Low economic growth,
• Inadequate agricultural policies,
• Trade terms and regimes,
• Resource degradation
• Increasing cases of HIV/AIDS

The agricultural trend and insecurity analysis of African countries can easily be found on The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) and Southern African Development Community (SADC)- Food, Agriculture and Nature Resource Directorate (FARN). however, this data might not fully be correct and inclusive of food insecurity going beyond per capital availability, etc.

History of Southern Africa

Earliest Residents of Southern Africa

The earliest residents of South Africa were the San and Khoekhoe peoples who were individually known as the Bushmen and Hottentots or Khoikhoi and were together called the Khoisan. Both the peoples were residents in southernmost tip of the continent residing for thousands of years before their documentation as written history began with the arrival of European seafarers. Documented history indicates that the San community was spread widely over the area being hunter gatherers while the pastoral Khoekhoe lived in areas with a good water supply, mainly along the southern and the western coastal strips, where adequate pastor for grazing was found.

When the European settlers first set foot in the African land they came across Khoekhoe people which bought them a big disadvantage, diseases like smallpox which was brought in by the European settlers. The Khoekhoe gradually disappeared as an identifiable group due to some straightforward extermination, acculturation with slaves.

The Bantu speaking people were also among one of the oldest settlers in Africa who moved in from the north-eastern and eastern regions. They were hundreds of years ahead of the Europeans in settling in Africa.

In the Thulamela site in the northern Kruger National Park and in the ruins of Mapungubwe, archaeologists have found artefacts as far away as China have been found indicating to a large trading settlements are thought to be of 13th century and can also date way back to the 12th century.

Slaves and Settlers

Jan van Riebeeck and his 90 men landed in the cape of good home with the instruction to erect a fort and develop a vegetable garden to produce food for the ships that dock there. they started stealing cattle’s and posed a threat to the Khoekhoe people. at the time there was a lot of settling of white slaves in the region. during the 1700's import of slaves was encouraged as a result the Khoekhoe were forced to retreat to the north of the east. During the late 1700's British took over control from the Dutch who had colonised the cape.

Cape Frontier Wars

During the early 1800 the British started conflicts with the Xhosa speakers. The British bought in 5000 new settlers and gave them land which some of them left because of the unyielding land and their influence started declining where the Xhosa people showed their heroic defiance but the British came back with more force and there as a mass starvation where Xhosa suffered.

The Great Trek

In 1834 slaves and 12000 unsatisfied farmers (the great trek) who were emigrating north and east joined hands and decided to live independent of the colonial rule.

The Cape Colony was granted representative legislature in 1853 and self-government in 1872. Between the two periods there was an introduction of diamonds.

First time it was thought that there was some wealth in the African subcontinent which could be exploited.

The colony had taken tentative steps towards political equality among the races. But this was in turn the beginning of apartheid and so the colored people were mostly excluded.

Later on British temporarily conquered and expanded to the politically unstable north where the unpopularity of President TF Burgers opened the way for Britain to annex the Transvaal in 1877. After the rebellion which blew the military pride of the empire of Majuba, the British lost control over that part.

This eventually led the British to the granting of qualified independence in 1881 and full internal autonomy in 1884 and Paul Kruger had been elected president of the restored, but financially strapped, republic.

After these events many other historically significant events took place which changed the shape and the path of growth of the southern African continent. These events include the founding of gold diamonds, the Anglo-Boer war, the defiance campaign, the freedom charter, the Sharpeville massacre, the death apartheid and many more. To know more about the discussed parts or any information on the possible topics including in the history of southern Africa contact assignmenthelp.net. Our best tutors will guide you and help you to make your assignment. We provide you speedy delivery of your assignment and assure you that it will have satisfactory results.